Clinical medicine profile
Cyproheptadine/ L-Carnitine/ plus other nutrients
Therapeutic agent (verify pharmacological class)
- Route
- See product SmPC
- Schedule
- POM
- ATC
- Not assigned
- PPB status
- registered
Safety essentials
The information most likely to change a prescribing or dispensing decision.
Contraindications
- CONTRAINDICATIONS Newborn or Premature Infants: This drug should not be used in newborn or premature infants.
- Nursing Mothers: Because of the higher risk of antihistamines for infants generally, and for newborns and prematures in particular, antihistamine therapy is contraindicated in nursing mothers.
- Other Conditions: Hypersensitivity to cyproheptadine and other drugs of similar chemical structure.
- Monoamine oxidase inhibitor therapy (see DRUG INTERACTIONS ).
- Angle-closure glaucoma.
- Stenosing peptic ulcer.
- Symptomatic prostatic hypertrophy.
- Bladder neck obstruction.
- Pyloroduodenal obstruction, elderly, debilitated patients.
Precautions
- WARNINGS Children - Overdosage of antihistamines, particularly in infants and children, may produce hallucinations, central nervous system depression, convulsions, and death.
- Antihistamines may diminish mental alertness conversely particularly in the young child they may occasionally produce excitation.
- CNS Depressants - Antihistamines may have additive effects with alcohol and other CNS depressants, e.g., hypnotics, sedatives, tranquilizers, antianxiety agents.
- Activities Requiring Mental Alertness - Patients should be warned about engaging in activities requiring mental alertness and motor coordination, such as driving a car or operating machinery.
- Antihistamines are more likely to cause dizziness, sedation and hypotension in elderly patients.
Dosing matrix
Population and organ-function guidance, shown together for faster comparison.
DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION: DOSAGE SHOULD BE INDIVIDUALIZED ACCORDING TO THE NEEDS AND THE RESPONSE OF THE PATIENT. Children: The total daily dosage for children may be calculated on the basis of body weight or body area using approximately 0.25 mg/kg/day (0.11 mg/lb/day) or 8 mg per square meter of body surface (8 mg/m 2 ). In small children for whom the calculation of the dosage based upon body size is important, it may be necessary to use cyproheptadine syrup to permit accurate dosage. Age 2 to 6 years: The usual dose is 2 mg (1/2 tablet) two or three times a day, adjusted as necessary to the size and response of the patient. The dose is not to exceed 12 mg a day. Age 7 to 14 years: The usual dose is 4 mg (1 tablet) two or three times a day, adjusted as necessary to the size and response of the patient. The dose is not to exceed 16 mg a day. Adults: The total daily dose for adults should not exceed 0.5 mg/kg/day (0.23 mg/lb/day). The therapeutic range is 4 to 20 mg a day, with the majority of patients requiring 12 to 16 mg, a day. An occasional patient may require as much as 32 mg a day for adequate relief. It is suggested that dosage be initiated with 4 mg (1 tablet) three times a day and adjusted according to the size and response of the patient.
See label paediatric section if present; otherwise use paediatric formulary — do not extrapolate adult doses.
Review renal impairment dosing; many agents need CrCl/eGFR adjustment.
- CrCl 0–120: Confirm renal dosing in product SmPC / primary label.
Review hepatic impairment dosing; monitor LFTs if agent is hepatically cleared or hepatotoxic.
Use, effects & interactions
Indications
- INDICATIONS AND USAGE: Perennial and seasonal allergic rhinitis, Vasomotor rhinitis, Allergic conjunctivitis due to inhalant allergens and foods.
- Mild, uncomplicated allergic skin manifestations of urticaria and angioedema.
- Amelioration of allergic reactions to blood or plasma.
- Cold urticaria.
- Dermatographism.
- As therapy for anaphylactic reactions adjunctive to epinephrine and other standard measures after the acute manifestations have been controlled.
Adverse effects
- ADVERSE REACTIONS Adverse reactions which have been reported with the use of antihistamines are as follows: Central Nervous System: Sedation and sleepiness (often transient), dizziness, disturbed coordination, confusion, restlessness, excitation, nervousness, tremor, irritability, insomnia, paresthesias, neuritis, convulsions, euphoria, hallucinations, hysteria, faintness.
- Integumentary: Allergic manifestation of rash and edema, excessive perspiration, urticaria, photosensitivity.
- Special Senses: Acute labyrinthitis, blurred vision, diplopia, vertigo, tinnitus.
- Cardiovascular: Hypotension, palpitation, tachycardia, extrasystoles, anaphylactic shock.
- Hematologic: Hemolytic anemia, leukopenia, agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia.
- Digestive System: Dryness of mouth, epigastric distress, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, jaundice.
- Genitourinary: Urinary frequency, difficult urination, urinary retention, early menses.
- Respiratory: Dryness of nose and throat, thickening of bronchial secretions, tightness of chest and wheezing, nasal stuffiness.
- Miscellaneous: Fatigue, chills, headache, increased appetite/weight gain.
Drug interactions
Open multi-drug checker ↗- concurrent administration of MAOIs
- Fixed-dose/multi-ingredient product.
- Clinical details partially inherited from component monographs: Cyproheptadine.
- Confirm combination SmPC for exact dosing.
Mechanism & disposition
Cyproheptadine is an antihistamine [H1] and serotonin antagonist that stimulates appetite and weight gain.
Read complete mechanism
Cyproheptadine is an antihistamine [H1] and serotonin antagonist that stimulates appetite and weight gain. L-carnitine is necessary for normal mammalian fat utilization and energy metabolism. L-Carnitine also stimulates GI and pancreatic secretions. L-lysine is important for protein synthesis.
Product-specific
Product-specific
See product SmPC
After a single 4 mg oral dose of 14C-labeled cyproheptadine HCl normal subjects given as tablets or syrup, 2-20% of the radioactivity was excreted in the stools. Only about 34% of the stool radioactivity was unchanged drug, corresponding to less than 5.7% of the dose. At least 40...
exists between the tablet and syrup formulations. No detectable amounts of unchanged drug were present in the urine of patients of chronic 12-20 mg daily doses of cyproheptadine syrup. The principal metabolite found in human urine has been identified as a quaternary ammonium gluc...
Pregnancy, lactation & diet
PREGNANCY Pregnancy Category B: Reproduction studies have been performed in rabbits, mice, and rats at oral or subcutaneous doses up to 32 times the maximum recommended human oral dose and have revealed no evidence of impaired fertility or harm to the fetus due to cyproheptadine. Cyproheptadine has been shown to be fetotoxic in rats when given by intraperitoneal injection in doses four times the maximum recommended human oral dose. Two studies in pregnant women, however, have not shown that cyproheptadine increases the risk of abnormalities when administered during the first, second and third trimesters of pregnancy. No teratogenic effects were observed in any of the newborns. Nevertheless, because the studies in humans cannot rule out the possibility of harm, cyproheptadine should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Nursing Mothers: It is not known whether this drug is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, and because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in nursing infants from cyproheptadine, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother (see CONTRAINDICATIONS ). Pediatric Use: Safety and effectiveness in children below the age of two years have not been established. (See CONTRAINDICATIONS , Newborn or Premature infants , and WARNINGS , Children .)
[From component Cyproheptadine] May increase serum amylase and serum prolactin concentrations when administered with thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) therefore affecting some laboratory values.
Brands & loaded prices
| Brand | Manufacturer | Pack | Observed price |
|---|---|---|---|
| CYPON | DAIMA BIASHARA / Wholesale Import | SYRUP 100ML | KES 273.48Daima Chemist price-list reference ↗ Source date not recorded · verify current price |
| CYPON SYR | Not recorded | 200ML | KES 430.51Daima Chemist price-list reference ↗ Source date not recorded · verify current price |
| CYPRO B PLUS | DAIMA BIASHARA / Wholesale Import | 200ML | KES 251.28Daima Chemist price-list reference ↗ Source date not recorded · verify current price |
| GYPON | DAIMA BIASHARA / Wholesale Import | SYRUP 100ML | KES 129.00Daima Chemist price-list reference ↗ Source date not recorded · verify current price |
Sources & review state
Decision support only. Confirm patient-specific decisions against the current product SmPC, Kenya STG/EML, and professional judgement.